Richard P. Feynman :: biographies biography bio

Richard Feynman, born on May 11, 1918 to Lucille and Melville Feynman, is remembered for many things by many people. He was Physicist, a Mathematician, a formal Laureate in Physics, he worked at Los Alamos constructing the first atomic bomb, he probed the Ch all in allenger shuttle disaster, make new paths into Quantum Mechanics and Electrodynamics through Path Integrals and Feynman Diagrams, he was a teacher, a husband and a father. He was all these things and more, yet he was still just a man, like everyone else, and he liked to figure out the bongo drums.Feynman attended MIT where he received his bachelor if science degree and then Princeton for his Ph.D. It was during his time at Princeton that Feynman married his first wife, his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum. Arline was already ill with tuberculosis at the time, and the young newlyweds could not even kiss. In 1942 the young couple left for Los Alamos where 24 year old Feynman would be made group leader in the theore tical division. Eventually Arline was admitted into the Albuquerque hospital where she eventually died in 1945. Feynman was very distraught.Feynman took several teaching positions over the following years, ending up at CalTech where he would spend the rest of his career.Feynman married two more time, in 1952 he married Mary Louise Bell, and in 1960 he married Gweneth Howarth. They had a son, Carl, and adopted a daughter, Michelle.During his time at CalTech Feynman agreed to teach a two-year course of introductory physics to freshman students. The lectures were recorded, transcribed and photographs were taken of all the blackboards. From these lectures three books, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, were published. Also published were two books by Ralph Leighton,Surely Youre Joking Mr. Feynman in 1985 and What Do You Care What Other People Think? in 1988, both highly enjoyable books to read that capture the personal side of Feynman that he was so infamous for.Feynman died February 15, 1988 at the age of 69 from stomach cancer.The above exposure is a formal pose of Feynman after receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with Sinichiro Tomanaga and Julian Schwinger, for his work in Quantum Electrodynamics(QED). Although Tomanaga and Schwinger had independently created equivalent theories, it was Feynmans that proved to be the well-nigh original and far-reaching.Feynman was recruited onto the Los Alamos project in 1942, where he developed many experimental devices to test his theories, without having to blow up Los Alamos.

Choosing to Be Happy Essay example -- Sociology

Choose to be happy. This is what mom has evermore said, since a very young age and shut away to this solar day she tells everyone. For so long, it was just mom talk, those things your mother says that is supposed to make you stop and think. Yet, being too young, dumb and full of it, to really register what she means. Curiosity emerges and suddenly there is a need to understand what it really means to be happy, what constitutes Happiness? So follow up with some research, unveiling the bookstore, gliding in and out of the rows and rows in the self-help sections are others, asking the same question. What is happiness? Where does it come from, are we born with it or do we make it guide? Happiness is but a belief, an idea, a theory but theories, beliefs, and ideas have the possibility of being wrong. Can someone learn and choose to be happy? In this paradox it is hopeful to find some close truths about happiness and what is the need for this emotion. With our individual characte ristics, patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting are we already born to be either happy or sad? What are the basic perspectives of the psychoanalytic and Humanistic nature for the people who make up this world who are always happy? Since the time of Aristotle his telos, or the end goal, was the same for all people, happiness. In Aristotles world, there are strongly knit groups where no strong banknote exists between public and private life. Everyone shares the same goals and values, so the pursuit of happiness is a cooperative initiative. That may have been the case back then, but in this day and time, not so much. Finding happiness and even defining happiness varies from person to person, between cultures and generations.Why not start with one of the gr... ...s bathroom be figuratively compared with jargon, the light at the end of the tunnel and the silver lining behind the dark cloud. These are expressions of the optimistic outlook of happiness, they guard hope of a better a nd brighter future even in the midst of what could be termed as a bad day or the worst day of their life.Works CitedEngler, B. (2009). Personality Theories, An Introduction. Belmont Wadsworth Cengage Learning.Geoffrey Nunberg, P. (1993). The American Heritage Dictionary. New York Houghton Mifflin.Merriam-Webster. (2003). Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. Boston Merriam-Webster.Ostwald, M. (1999). Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall.Soukhanov, A. (2012, April 28). Encarta Dictionary. Retrieved April 23, 2011, from Encarta DictionaryEnglish(North America) http//www.encarta.com/dictionary

Pneumonia Essay -- Papers

Pneumonia Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of your lungs. There are both main types Pneumonia one of these is bacterial pneumonia. This can attack anyone from infants to the very old. People who are alcoholics, debilitated, post-operative patients, people with respiratory diseases or viral infections and people who have vitiated immune systems are at greater risk. Pneumonia bacteria are present in more or less healthy throats. When body defences are weakened in some way, by illness, old age, malnutrition, general debility or impaired immunity, the bacteria can multiply and cause serious damage. Usu aloney, when a persons resistance is lowered, bacteria ready their way into the lungs and inflame the air sacs and a persons temperature may rise as high as 105 degrees F. The other one is viral pneumonia. Half of all pneumonias are believed to be caused by viruses. More and more viruses are being identified as the cause of respiratory inf ection, and though most attack the upper respiratory tract, some produce pneu...

My Personal Philosophy of Education Essay -- Education Teachers Reflec

My Personal Philosophy of EducationEducation is the key to a successful and fulfilling life. The purpose is to give each child an equal probability to achieve his or her goals. I believe that the overall purpose of education is to prepare for the future.Education is so important to ones life that educators cannot exclusively teach in one manner. To truly teach someone you must dig until you find a way for him or her to completely understand. Thats wherefore I think that teaching is going to be a great challenge everyday. As a teacher I will have a whole classroom full of individuals with different learning styles, different strengths and weaknesses, different attitudes, different lifestyles, and different motivations. Because of this, I will have to use an eclectic shuffle of approaches and teaching styles. As a teacher I feel it is my responsibility to prepare my students for the inevitable changes that will occur in their lives by instilling trustfulness and knowledge wh ile presenting myself as a good role model. Teachers play such an important role in a childs life, sometimes being their only source of encouragement and support. As a teacher, I want to know my students their personality, learning style, and academic level, so I can carry through their needs and create the best learning environment possible. I will bring into the classroom my open-mindedness, my respect for others, my willingness to listen before making decisions, and my love for knowledge. I hope that by ...

Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper

Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The yellow(a) WallpaperTopics of groovy social impact get to been dealt with in many different ways and in many different mediums. Beginning with the first womens movement in the 1850s, the role of women in golf-club has been constantly written about, protested, and debated. Two women writers who have had the most impact in the on-going womens movement are Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper are two of feminist literatures cornerstones and have become prolific parts of American literature. Themes of entrapment by social dictates, circumstance, and the desire for individual(prenominal) independence reside within each work and bond the two together.Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman lived and wrote around the same cartridge holder during the nineteenth century. This time period, like most others, is characterized by a society which the patriarch is the center and leader of the family structure. The protagonists in each story are women, who are trapped by the circumstances surrounding their flow situations within society. Each protagonist finds liberation in very different ways, each leading to a downfall that is inescapable in the society of the time period. In The Awakening, Edna begins to learn and experience things that empower her and lead her to believe that she can become more independent. The new freedom that she enjoys is only fleeting as the dictates of society do not allow for such freedom from a married woman with children. The protagonist of The Yellow Wallpaper is trapped by a frequently different set of circumstances. Her husband believes she is mentally ill and begins to deprive her of the freedoms, such as writing, that she has previous... ...orks could be the topic for countless doctoral dissertations. They are both fascinate and ambiguous, which leaves much up to discussion and speculation. The role of women in society has been and will continue to be a point of great debate and perpetual change. Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman have influenced other great women writers such as Toni Morrison and Alice Walker, and budding male writers such as Ben Eisner. The events and experiences of ones upbringing help to shape future belles-lettres and ideas. Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman had different formative years, which are evident in their approaches to their characters and their ideas of women in society. Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Awakening. Penguin Putman, Inc. New York. 1976Perkins Gilman, Charlotte. The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings. Random House, Inc. New York. 2000.

What’s Nature Got To Do With It? :: Writing Technology Essays

Whats Nature Got To Do With It? I am taking a flesh in writing technology, and the last thing you would imagine as a topic is how inherent writing can or cannot be. Our teacher for this course had us come up with a writing project. We were asked to make twenty words or less using any tool that was natural and did not postulate high technology. This means we could not single-valued function computers, paints, or markers. In discussing what we could use, the class quickly broke down the options. It appeared almost impossible. We got nothing. This is where begging and pleading for ideas came in to play, and maybe our instructor is a little financially better off if someone offered him a bribe, who knows.. How could it be done? Why? What would we learn about such an abnormal task that would even relate to the topic writing technology? What I learned rather quickly was that these very questions were all apart of why the subsidisation was given. What at first seemed to be a pointless exercise truly answered these questions in a profound way which I want to share with you today. My intrust is that you too get a renewed appreciation for writing and its history. In the essay from Pencils to Pixels, Dennis Baron details the worlds journey from the use and making of the pencil to the computer. Barron states that the pencil wasnt originally intended to be used as a writing device. Theres a buffalo chip of information you probably hadnt heard before. Yes, pencils were actually adopted as a tool by note takers.. ..scientists...and others who need to write. They were taken from artists and suitable it for use as a writing tool ( Dennis Barron 44). And so, in engaging in my project, I found myself thinking of how I could adopt a natural tool and adapt that tool to my writing task. I first thought about writing some letters in water, but I could really find no natural container to hold the water. I could have used some sticks or some type of col ored liquid and take a snapshot of it, but there was no natural platform to hold the water. This was not going to work.

Lord Jim Essay

The writers, I do believe, who get the best and most dieing response from the readers are the writers who offer a beaming ending through moral development. By a happy ending, I do not mean mere fortunate events a marriage or a last-minute rescue from death but some kind of spiritual reassessment of moral reconciliation, even with the self, even at death. In his literary masterpiece, Lord Jim, Joseph Conrads theme development is complex but mirrors Fay Weldons statement.Dealing with the paradox of whether a human being is cap suitable of both well-grounded and evil the moral focus of the novel is the degree of the central characters guilt, his related attempts at self-justification, and in the end, whether or not good works can discharge up for nonpareil bad act. As ordain be supported in the following paragraphs, Lord Jim is a story of guilt, punishment, obsession to regain woolly-headed honor, and moral rescue. Within the opening pages of the novel, Conrads central charact er is presented as less than the romantic fighter aircraft.Described as being an inch, perhaps two, under sise feet (Conrad, p. 9) Jim, the young son of a minister, is drawn to the sea as a y outh and has developed a romantic view of himself as one who will meet crisis with calmness and determination. Ultimately, he is not shaken in this belief by his failure to reach the cutter of his training ship. As the plot continues, overdue to an illness, Jim is left behind in Singapore when his ship returns to England. As a result, he decides to take berth on a local steamer, the Patna, which is involved in an accident.Faced with what he determines to be a hopeless situation, he jumps and deserts his ship when it appears that the Patna is going to sink with all 800 passengers onboard. When it becomes copen that the passengers survived, Jim becomes a social outcast. notwithstanding the fact that he was one of us (Conrad, p. 63) his jump into a well-into an everlasting deep mending. . . . (Conrad, p. 87) associates him with the other officers, known as troublemakers, who have deserted the Patna. His offense is one upon which the Court of Enquiry can have no mercy.Jim however, refuses to accept this association and does his utmost to distinguish himself from them as evidenced by the quote They all got out of it in one way or another, but it wouldnt do for me. (Conrad, p. 64) He even goes to the extent of attempting to pardon himself as is evidenced when he reports to Marlow, at that place was not the thickness of a sheet of paper between the right and wrong of this affair. (Conrad, p. 100) Not entirely convincing however, his hope is that he can eventually rehabilitate himself.As in his first failure in the training ship, he remains certain that he can still be active for any emergency and has sole(prenominal) been betrayed by circumstances. He finds it impossible to accept his weakness and chooses not to stay in a place where men know his story. Therefore, he is driven farther and farther east in the search of a refuge where he can start over again by establishing himself as a trustworthy man and seeking escape from his feelings of guilt. In what seems to be a distinct second part of the book Lord Jim, Jim is able find relief from his guilt by settling in the remote village of Patusan.Acting as an agent for the trader Stein, it is here that he rises to be Lord Jim, where the jump is never questioned, and the natives become dependent on his strength and character. It finally seems that he has successfully isolated himself from his past, in a place where, The pullulate of civilization, as if divided on a headland a hundred miles north of Patusan, branches east and south-west, leaving its pains and valleys, its old trees and its old mankind, neglected and isolated. (Conrad, p170) contempt the fact that he has achieved the conquest of love, honor, mens confidence, (Conrad, p. 169) his past comes in search of him. Gentleman Brown and his c rew invade the wall of forests (Conrad, p. 307), which keeps Jim in his isolation. Physically, as determined by numbers, the people of Patusan are more that a match for Brown, but mentally Jim is helpless before this man who holds scorn for mankind and who would displume a man as if only to demonstrate his poor opinion of the creature. Conrad, p. 261) Brown opens the wound of Jims past when he asks whether he had nothing fishy in his animateness to remember that he was so damnedly hard upon a man accenting to get out of a deadly hole by the first means that came to hand-and so on and so on. And there ran through the rough talk a vein of subtle reference to their communal blood, an assumption of common experience a sickening suggestion of common guilt, of secret knowledge that was like a bond of their minds and of their hearts. (Conrad, p. 86) Everything that Brown says recalls Jims past weaknesses and thusly undermines his certainty that he has placed his past cowardice behind him. As a result, Jim finds that his inner peace was just an illusion, that his fate, revolted, was forcing his hand (Conrad, p. 290), and that his capacity to act decisively is paralyzed. He allows Brown and his followers to leave the country unharmed if they promise to take no life. They however break the pact by killing the chiefs son, Dain Waris.With solitude shattered, Jim sees the path of destiny before him because he guaranteed the lives of all the people against Brown and his men. He feels that he can only conquer his fatal destiny by suicide, so that the dark powers should not rob him twice of his peace. (Conrad, p. 302) Though given the opportunity, he does not try to escape with Jewel, but allows himself to be killed by Doramin. Upon reflection of the events of Jims life Marlow understands, with sad irony, that for Jim the sacrifice might seem an extraordinary success (Conrad, p. 07) for that in the picayune moment of his last proud and unflinching glance, he had held t he eccentric of that opportunity which, like an Eastern bride, had come veiled to his side. (Conrad, p. 307) Therefore, at last, Jim feels himself become a hero by finally being given the heroic chance he had been waiting for. Twice before (on the decks of the training ship and Patna) he had failed to act heroically when given the opportunity to act with honor and courage. At the end of the novel, by offering his own life to Doramin, Jim is able to face and pass the final running play with bravery although it costs him his life.Thus, the novel ends on a positive note because Conrads central character triumphs when he finally receives moral redemption. It certainly may sound peculiar to say that the death of the hero provides a successful ending to the novel. Usually, such an ending would be considered to be unsuccessful and in fact, to be a tragedy. However, in Joseph Conrads Lord Jim, as the central character, Jim is plagued by guilt over an incident that occurred in his youth. It is this very incident that has dominated his life from the very beginning pages and despite Jims conviction of innate blamelessness, (Conrad, p. 4) he was to blame, and the rest of the book is taken up with his attempts to deal with his actions. He, in a sense, becomes obsess with redemption and each choice he makes is controlled by this need. It is only in the end that he comes to the realization of the significance of his choices and to the fulfillment of his destiny. Cowardice in the face of the crucial test was contained in Jims destiny and only by realizing that he will never be able to run away from himself could he atone for his offense.In the end, as described by Marlow, Jim passes away under a cloud (Conrad, p. 307), as he had lived under a cloud. Marlow suggests the irony of his register by saying that Not in the wildest days of his boyish visions could (Jim) have seen the alluring shape of such an extraordinary success (Conrad, p. 307) Thus, it is only through this last and final act that Conrads Lord Jim was finally able to reach success by bravely giving up his life for respect, honor, and redemption.

Child Obesity

Nowadays, childhood obesity has become an epidemic in altogether over the world. This essay will consider the problem of obesity and outlline possible solutions. To begin with, in point of fact the reason of obesity are not difficult to understand. Firstly, people are eating more than and more unwellnessy food, namely fast-foods which contain a large percentage of calories. It is because children feel junk-foods are more appertizing than fresh foods cooked at home.Moreover, umteen parents become so busy that they do not have clock to cook . Secondly, there are short of outer space for children to play . In addition, children nowadays have too many exercises to do at home so they so not have much time to play. This leads to watching TV and playing computer game a lot. Thirdly, fast-food industry has developed dramatically in many countries. In fact, there are more and more fast- food joint in everywhere.Furthermore, particular in Western cultures are often very high in fat. Obesi ty have many bad effects on society . First of all, overweight children can get many serious dieases such as heart disease, diabetes or horizontal cancer. It can also leads to an increase of stress in school for fat children when they become object of cruel jokes, consequently, overweight children are always unconfident in themselves. As we have seen, there are number of ways to reduce obesity.One of the most effective method is that society ,school and family should take responsibility for educating about mental health of healthy life style for children so as to they have knowledge about the risk of obesity. In short, the main causes of childhood obesity is bad viands and less active. This leads to considerable damage about health in the long term. In my view, children should be encouraged to eat healthy foods and do exercise frequently.

Baker v. Osborne Legal Review

Thomas Baker and others bought new homes from Osborne breeding Corp. The new homeowners later filed a complaint against Osborne information Corp. for multiple construction defects in the houses they purchased. The complaint alleged causes of action for strict liability, and other breaches of contract, and negligence. Baker and the other homeowners had along with the home purchases signed a builder application form containing the following delivery CONSENT TO THE TERMS OF THESE DOCUMENTS INCLUDING THE BINDING ARBITRATION PROVISION contained therein. By signing the application, the homeowners were presumed to have agreed to the terms of the warranty. (Baker v. Osborne Development Corp. , 2008). The question posed is whether the new homeowners are bound by the arbitration agreement they signed, or whether they could just sue Osborne Development Corp. in court. The Fourth appellate District of the California Court of Appeal answered both questions in its 2008 decision when it held t hat arbitration provisions in the HBW 2-10 warranty were unenforceable, because they were unconscionable. The warranty was unconscionable because the arbitration language was broad and did not clearly and unmistakably reserve the sole authority to decide whether the arbitration provision was enforceable to the arbitrator. The arbitration provision was procedurally unconscionable because it was unavowed in a booklet not available when Baker executed the warranty application. It was substantively unconscionable because it was solely intended to benefit Osborne, as Osborne would have no reason to sue Baker after the close of escrow. In NCR Corp. v. Korala Associates, Ltd., (2008), the court of Appeals weighed the issue by determining the scope of the arbitration agreement based on the reason that a party should not be compelled to arbitrate a dispute which it has not agreed to arbitrate. To determine whether or not a national is arbitrable, the Sixth Circuit looked at the allegations in each count of the complaint to determine whether the agreement was a necessary part of each claim. The standard utilise by the Sixth Circuit was this whether an action could be maintained without reference to the contract or relationship issue (NCR Corp.v. Korala Associates, Ltd. , 2008, p. 4). If it could, then it is likely to be distant the scope of the arbitration agreement. Going by the Court decisions in Baker and NCR, the homeowners are not bound by the arbitration clause, and are therefore extra to pursue damages in a court of law. References Baker v. Osborne Development Corp. (2008) 159 Cal. App. 4th 884 Cal. Rptr. 3d NCR Corp. v. Korala Associates, Ltd. , No. 06-3685, 2008 WL 140978 (6th Cir. Jan. 16, 2008)

Crane and Human Ideals Essay

Stephen Cranes short layer, The Open Boat (1894) shows a microcosm of affectionate interdependency, which is set against the back-drop of the natural world. The storey, at its most basic root, could be considered a man vs. nature story, or an adventure story with the sea as a symbol for natures essential neutrality and indifference to homo life and homo aspiration.Given this central tension in the story, it is important to recognize that Crane, rather than pitting an heroic protagonist against the trial against an indifferent nature, chose to impart the heroic capacity of a group of individuals acting in concert for their mutual survival. In this way, the story becomes less about the indifference of nature and more(prenominal) about the ability of human society to function as a buffer against nature and a construct which gives not only a academic degree of safety, yet meaning, to human existence.In order to establish the conflict between humanity and nature, as well as to in troduce the persistent idea of communal sign, Crane begins the story with the words N nonpareil of them knew the color of the sky (Crane, 728) while the opening words shoot a sense of mystery and danger, they also convey at the same time, a firm understanding on the readers behalf that nature has become alien to the characters in the story and that it is them rather than nay particular individual with whom the story will be concerned.The following description of the men who are banded together in a dinghey after a shipwreck informs the reader that Crane, is in fact, determined to offer a social microcosm in order to represent, as amply as possible within the limited confines of the short-story form, the urgency and importance that the communal identity described in the story extends to all walks of life and all levels of society.By the time the entire story has been studied, the alert reader realizes that not only the makeshift crew of the boat itself, which is comprised of the wounded captain of the sunken ship, an oiler, a cook, and a correspondent, but the cast of the story altogether represents a typical Western society at all levels men and women, workers and executives, thinkers and doers as well as the lucky and unlucky. Both life and conclusion figure prominently in the struggle which is described in the story with the ability to distinguish between the two an immediate threat which faces the crew of the dinghey.In order to establish the utter despair of being cut-off from the protection of human society (symbolized by the sunken ship) and left to the devices of uncontrolled and unchecked nature (symbolized by the sea and its wildlife), Crane describes the motion of the dinghey, which can be thought of as a makeshift society, in words which can only be taken as showing a descent from social order to the chaos and indifference of nature A seat in this boat was not unalike a seat upon a bucking broncho the craft pranced and reared, and plunged l ike an animal (Crane, 728).Additionally, Crane offers a description of the mens view of the sea from a outmatch one of the great waves, just before the corresponding plunge The crest of each of these waves was a hill, from the top of which the men surveyed, for a moment, a broad tumultuous country shining and wind-riven. It was probably splendid. It was probably glorious, this play of the free sea, wild with lights of emerald and white and amber (Crane, 729). The word probably in this description is the key to injecting the sinister and concurrently indifferent pose of nature to the men trapped in the dinghey.In order to drive his point regarding the indifference of nature even more fully home, Crane creates an image which is at once ironic and dramatic an image which fills the reader with dread and a sense of the absurd all at once. By describing the gulls who flew nearby the drifting craft and showing their ease in the very element which threatened to destroy the men aboard the dinghey, Crane creates a truly masterful symbol to demonstrate natures indifference to humanity when he describes that a gull came, and evidently decided to alight on the top of the captains head (Crane, 729).This image is ironic and compelling and is Cranes most obvious articulation of his theme that is given in the story. Against the background of indifferent nature, none of the men aboard the dinghey as individuals is able to perform a rescue plan or find some heroic base to their problem. Rather, by increments and by working together, the men eventually begin to regain a sense of determination, which ultimately rises to the level of hope and then action.The mutual support of the men is the heroic aspect of the story They were a captain, an oiler, a cook, and a correspondent, and they were friends, friends in a more curiously iron-bound degree than may be special K (Crane, 729). This quite optimistic notion is meant to establish human society as a whole (as expressed through the microcosm of the open boat) as both a necessity and a natural outgrowth of human capacity. In other words, the men are out of their element (unlike the gulls) when pitted against the open sea, but in their element which is human society they can meet the test which confronts them.Humanity is meant to build mutually sustaining communities and societies just as gulls are meant to float on open ocean waves. In the long run, the tension between nature and man which is created at the beginning of the story finds fulfilling resolution in the storys post-climax where Crane writes the white waves paced to and fro in the moonlight, and the wind brought the sound of the great seas voice to the men on shore, and they felt that they could then be interpreters (Crane, 740).The closure of the story suggests not a tension or conflict between man and nature but a resolution through nature human nature to the discord offered in the storys rising action. In other words, man by following h is nature to be a social animal, and only by following this impulse, can be as harmoniously at home in the world, despite the indifference of nature, as a sucker which also accepts its rightful place in the natural order. Works Cited Crane, Stephen. The Open Boat, Electronic Text Center, University of Virginia Library (1999) accessed 2-1-09 http//www2. lib. virginia. edu/etext/index. html

Arithmetic Mean and Life Satisfaction

PART A i) Male Female The mean nurture of sprightliness joy for male is well-nigh 7. 7459 while for female is 7. 7101, which proves there is no significant different demeanor satisfaction between male and female, indeed gender does not affect brio satisfaction a lot. But when it comes to sample variance, for male is 2. 5684 while for female is 3. 0081. From this pair of figures it is obvious that the life satisfaction for female is more flexible than male. Mans life satisfactions atomic number 18 at large(p) to be affected by other variables. I assume sexual practice does not affect life satisfaction. ii) Not alone AloneThe mean value of satisfaction for those who is not alone is about 7. 8055 meanwhile the figure for those who go bad alone is 7. 32584. There is a big gap between these two data, which implies that ALONE have a significant impact on battalion life satisfaction. Additionally, sample variance for alone is much higher than for not alone, which implies other va riables affect community who live alone s ever soely and affect people not alone a little. I assume ALONE affects LIFESAT vitally, since people feel happier when they are come with by others but for those who are alone are elementary to feel lonely and sad. iii) Income 1 Income 6The average life satisfaction for people with income level 1 is 7. 4426 while for people with income level 6 is 8. 2069, which mode people with high income are more satisfy with their life than those with low income. Furthermore, the sample variance for income 1 is 4. 37941 while for level 6 is only 0. 74138, which tells that people with relatively high income enjoys a relatively stable high life satisfaction. Personally, I reckon that people with high income are happier than those with low income, as they are more capable to purchase what they like which makes people satisfy with their lives. PART B i) Y=7. 746-0. 036X (gender)For gender, the ? 2 is -0. 036 which means gender has negative relationship w ith satisfaction. And 0 represents male while 1 means female. Thus when other factors are the same, life satisfaction of female is slightly less than man. The result is not hardly what I have supposed. My prior assumption is ? 2 should be zero in this circumstance. ii) Y=7. 360+0. 008X (age) From this function, age has a positive linear relationship with life satisfaction. As people grow old, they tend to be more satisfied with their life. ?2 is a little bit different from what I expected, as I suppose ? 2 should be a bigger positive number than it is.I reckon that as people grow old they might be easy to feel satisfied about life. For young people they are more likely to be ambitious and do not feel enough about what they have. iii) Y=7. 805-0. 480X (alone) Alone has a negative relationship with life satisfaction, it means people who are alone have less life satisfaction than those accompanied by others. The result is in accordance with what I expected. iv) Y=7. 300+0. 174X (incom e) ?2 is 0. 174 which means as income increase by 1 unit life satisfaction will go up by 0. 174. The more people earned the more satisfied they feel about their life.The result is correspondent with what I expected. PART C Estimated sample regression function Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 PART D i) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*26-0. 3975*1+0. 1986*3 =7. 1134 ii) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*35-0. 3975*0+0. 1986*3 =7. 6639 PART E Setting religion as another independent variable, 0 represents no religion and 1 means having religion.In my opinion, when other variables remains stable people with religion compared with people without religion are more satisfied with their lives, since people with religion have spiritual sustenance. Hours spend on sleep every week can als o be set as another independent variable (0? X? 168). I suppose that people who spent more time on sleep will be happier than those got less time on sleep. PART F Coefficients as calculated in part c Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 SSE=(Y-YHAT)2 One example for made up coefficients As I change the portfolio of coefficient, the new sum of squared residuals ever lower than the original SSE. The coefficients we got by applying the OLS model contributes to the most minor sum of squared residuals. PART G i) H0 ? 1=0 H1 ? 1? 0 sort statistic T= (6. 49806173672354-0)/ 0. 199293520416749= 32. 6054842281637 With ? =0. 1. From the t table, value of t with 10% level of significance and (n-7=1660-7=1653) d. f. , the critical value of t is tc=1. 645 With ? =0. 05. tc=1. 960 With ? =0. 01. tc=2. 576 t=32. 605 tc Reject H0 at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these three level. ii) H0 ? 2=0 H1 ? 2? 0 Test statisticT=(-0. 0094153888009149-0)/ 0. 00475949120927804= -1. 97823430844052 t=-1. 97823430844052=1. 97823430844052 t0. 95, 1653

Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Counterproductive Work Behaviour Essay

Organisational deportment is the study of human behaviour in the goplace, the interaction mingled with people and the presidency, and transcription itself (Dubrin 2002, p. 2). In most of the organisational behaviour literature re look, the following five types of behaviours are often highlighted- task performance, organisational citizenship, counterproductive conk out behaviours, joining and staying with the organisation and work attendance (McShane, Olekalns & Travagli matchless, 2009). These individual- aim dependent variables are present in most OB research which has a significant impact on the effectiveness of organisations.In my following essay, I pull up stakes be highlighting on two of the above factors-mainly Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and Counterproductive wrench Behaviour (CWB).I go out be discussing on how various authors flout that different personalizedities and positive affectivity levels contributes to the emergence of OCB and that how differ ent authors passel the stand of considering all OCB as voluntary acts based on make accord. In addition, I will also be discussing the issue in which a consensus has been reached by most authors that subscriber line dissatisfaction is one contributing factor of CWB and that CWB, existence defined as harmful in nature, has been challenged by some authors to be a justifiable act.OCBOrganisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) has been defined as individual air that is discretionary, non directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization (Organ, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3) or as individual behavior that promotes the goals of the organization by contributing to its social and psychological environment (Organ Rotundo & Sackett, cited in Vigoda-Gadot, 2006, p. 3). Personality and Positive AffectivityPersonality refers to the enduring, inner characteristics of individuals that organise their behaviour (Derlega et al, cited in Rothmann & Cooper, 2008, p. 24) and personality traits predict what a person will do as opposed to what he or she can do (Rothmann & Cooper 2008, p. 24).As such, it is agreed that citizenship performance is well predicted by personality variables (Penner, Allen, & Motowidlo, 2001 Hurtz & Donovan, cited in Barrick & Ryan 2003). It is also stated that differences in citizenship performance by the employees are clearly tied to the differences in their personalities and attitudes (Landy & Conte 2004) and feelings or so their work, also known as affects (Lee & Allen 2002).I came across this survey done by (Bierhoff, Klein & Kramp, ed. Murphy 1996) in which first aiders who rushed to the aid of the adventure victims almost immediately scored lower on a legal profession of egocentrism- the absorption with one selfs lives and family. They also scored higher on a measure of empathy in which they expressed a greater level of concern for early(a)s ( ed. Murphy 1996). From the above results, I feel that various personality factors do influence the tendency of one to render help to others thereby performing citizenship performance which benefits the organisation as a whole.In addition to the above, I have learnt that the higher the level of positive affect, the higher the level of willingness to help is in individuals (ed. Murphy 1996). Besides the fortune behaviour, I have also learnt that maintaining a positive mood in the course of our work may also inadvertently drive us to performing extra role behaviours (e.g. protecting the organisation and developing oneself in harm of upgrading ones skills to the benefit of the organisation) (George and Brief, cited in Lee & Allen, 2002). To my surprise, I found that positive affect is not just influenced on a personal level but also due to external environmental factors. These include the differences in shades of lightings at our workplaces (Baron et al, cited in ed. Murphy 1996) an d even presence of pleasant smelling artificial fragrances in our workplaces (Baron & Bronfen 1994, cited in ed. Murphy 1996). Performed based on free will?Most of the recent studies and researches on OCB have pointed out that it is based on voluntary helping behaviours. However, (Vigoda-Gadot E 2006, p. 1 ) pointed out on focusing on the exploitative and abusive tendency of supervisors and managements to impose so-called voluntary or extra-role activities via compulsory mechanisms in the workplace, thereby refuting the conventional definition of OCB being performed based on good will and free choice. In fact, some of these behaviours categorised under OCB may well be categorised under Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) (Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 1).By reviewing the Expectancy Theory (Griffin & Ebert 2005, p. 246) in which people are motivated to work towards rewards that they want and that they believe they have a reasonable chance or expectancy of obtaining it in mind, I have act ually agreed with the view that there is much theory that OCB can also arise from other motives, some of them less voluntary or less self-initiated. Among these motivations are the abusive and exploitative behavior of immediate supervisors and the pressure by management or peers to become involved in activities in which the employee would otherwise not involve himself (Tepper, cited in Vigoda-Gadot 2006, p. 3).CWBCounterproductive Work Behaviours (CWB) is defined as voluntary behaviours that have the potential to directly or indirectly harm the organisation (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione T, 2009, p. 18).Job DissatisfactionJob dissatisfaction is defined as a set of unfavourable feelings and emotions with which employees view their work (Newstrom & Davis 1997, p. 255). It seems that authors have a consensus on job dissatisfaction contributing to the emergence and high levels of CWB. It is stated that dissatisfied employees may hire in psychological withdrawal (e.g. daydreaming dur ing job), physical withdrawal (eg unauthorized absence, early departures, extended breaks, work slowdowns) or even overt acts of aggression and retribution for presumed wrong.There are many factors influencing job dissatisfaction which includes organisational factors alike(p) pay and promotion opportunities and the working condition itself. Group factors like the role of supervisor and co-workers personal factors like needs and aspiration and how are these met, and how individuals views he instrumental benefits of the job also contributes to job dissatisfaction( Rothmann & Cooper 2008, p. 24).Though I am in agreement that job dissatisfaction is a strong contributor to the performance of CWB, I feel that CWB may also be induced by other factors like accumulated work stress leading to the emergence of violence which is one form of CWB. Similarly, theft cases in the company, which is another form of CWB, may just be a personal justification of the employees due to a perception of los t equity in the course of their work (Newstrom & Davis 1997).Justifiable ActVarious authors held on to their individual stands regarding the consequence on CWB. In most of my readings, authors agreed that CWB are actually harmful acts towards either individuals or towards the organisation itself. However, (Fox 2002) had presented a different point of view discussing the view that CWB may could well be a justifiable act which is clearly challenging the most conventional definition of CWB which is being negative in nature.(Fox 2002, p. 2) spread out the definition of CWB to include unintentional harm, as long as the act itself is volitional- an act which is motivated by other reasons to cause harm. Hence with this expanded definition, it raises the possibility of constructive CWB. In their article, they have considered on 3 categories of arguments which are moral issues, role conflicts and productivity arguments.I personally feel strongly for the argument on role conflicts. Many of the withdrawal behaviours may be seen as counterproductive in the perspective of managers or even organisations. However, these behaviours shown may be required to be fulfilled by the employees in the perspectives of their family and even the community. Putting in simpler terms, employees may be expected by the society to perform these behaviours so as to be able to strike a work-life balance. Hence, I feel that CWB should not be seen as just a negative behaviour which is purely deviant from an organisations objectives as I strongly feel for the presence of positive CWB.Key FindingsIn this modern age, to adapt and survive in a workplace, other than equipping oneself with the generic skill of problem solving, it is also vital to place great importance on understanding fellow colleagues as this will lead to self knowledge and self insight (Dubrin 2002, p. 4). By understanding what motivates others to perform OCB through the study of organisational behaviour, it will also in turn allow employees to stumble an understanding on what motivates them to have similar behaviours. Inadvertently, this may bring them to a greater level of job satisfaction which also leads to greater organisational effectiveness as a whole.In addition, studying organisational behaviours enhances a professional or managers effectiveness relating to their interpersonal skills. Hence, if solid interpersonal skills are added on to ones professional or managerial knowledge, it will certainly be a bonus towards an organisations overall service and productivity.Hence, information about organisational behaviours is vital to be known to the employees in organisations.ReflectionIf I were given a chance to assume the role of manager in an organisation, the notion of having OCB being induced by compulsion as mentioned earlier on will certainly be omitted by me as I feel that though it is an authorized goal of managers everywhere to make employees aware of the benefits of OCB and ideally, encourage it , it is far more important to conduct it through a legitimate way and not by other means such as abusive or exploitative activities. In this way, I believe conventional OCB will indeed be sincerely promoted as the employees will be serving and going the extra mile for the organisation in the most genuine way as I agree with the view that a person who engages in OCB might receive appreciation and recognition that induce positive moods and there will be a greater likelihood of repeating the OCB (Miles et al, cited in Zirgham 2009, p. 85) which will greatly benefit the organisation.A discrepancy often exists among managers and employees about the definition of certain work tasks being in-role or extra-role. Each behaviour may be different for different people as every employee in an organization perceives job requirements differently (e.g. for service sectors), helping others may be a routine, but some may see it as beyond their job scope. By acknowledging this in the position of an e mployee, I will be able to anticipate this possible occurrence of conflict between managers and employees and thus, expand the boundaries for the definition of my job scope. In this way, I believe that my chances of managerial exploitation and workplace abuse by supervisors to perform compulsive OCB will be reduced to the minimum.ConclusionOCB is a stable behaviour emerging in workplaces and it will always act as a rank adding criterion in ones performance. However, it will only act as a value adding criterion only when it is performed through the free choice of employees and not by coercion means and negative external pressures. Thus, we have to be aware and mirthful so as to preserve the original positive results of OCB being performed, leading to a more successful and healthy establishment of an organisation.CWB is always seen as a conduct having an adverse relationship with OCB. However, as the saying goes- there are always two sides to the same coin we should probably broade n our perspectives in our view towards CWB and accept the notion that CWB may not be necessary all detrimental in nature.

Richman Investments- Acceptable Use Policy

Richman Investments- grateful Use Policy Richman Investments is the name for its installation of the Richman Investments softw atomic number 18 from Jive Softw ar creating a virtual (type of comp either) community. It is a Web-based virtual community where members collaborate on documents, share insight and best practices and exchange ideas. Registered drug users of Richman Investments are boost to be open and informal in their use of Richman Investments one of the benefits of the system is that it attempts to facilitate the kind of beauteousness and informal discussion that traditionally one only finds at in-person meetings.It is generally presumed that Users will carry themselves in a professional manner nevertheless, as membership and participation grow, it is important to outline a formal guide for point for this new powerful communication tool. Participation in Richman Investments is contingent upon word sense of this Acceptable Use Policy. This Policy outlines the terms and conditions for use of the Richman Investments Areas covered include who is authorized to use Richman Investments rules for online behaviour, and guidelines for the manipulation of secure and copyright- defend materials.Richman Investments reserves the right to block or limit access to guinea pig deemed to be harmful, offensive, or former(a)wise in violation of this Acceptable Use Policy. Furthermore, Richman Investments reserves the right to monitor and to disclose either information as deemed necessary to satisfy both legality, to operate its services properly, or to protect itself or its Registered Users. Authorized Use The net tend is provided by Richman Investments for the benefit of Registered Users in accordance with duties as an employee of Richman Investments. Richman Investments may alike extend a User ID to individuals with whom it has special working relationship, such as a consultant. User IDs are not transferrable. They are intended for the exclusive use of the individual to whom they are provided. Additional User IDs are available, upon ask, from Richman Investments. The provision of User IDs to individual users is at the discretion of the Richman Investments, on the advice of the Sponsoring Organization. A User ID may be disabled due to a change in employment or committee membership status, upon the request of the Sponsoring Organization or for violation of the Acceptable Terms of Use.Confidentiality Information shared and stored in spite of appearance Richman Investments it is considered to be an accompaniment of the work conducted within the normal day-to-day workings of Richman Investments and Council International. It is subject to the same requirements for confidentiality as association work conducted through email, conference calls or in-person meetings. secure Registered Users of Richman Investments agree to abide by all relevant laws on the use of copy written materials.Accordingly, attention should be paid to not post C opyright Protected bodily material for which an organization has not consented to its widespread distribution in channels other than its own. This includes, but is not limited to, the posting of entire media articles, or proprietary research. Items intended for redistribution, such as press releases or promotional materials, may be posted. It also is perfectly acceptable to quote portions of protected material, paraphrase the material and Hyperlink to the material in its original extraneous location.Professional Conduct It is generally presumed that Users will conduct themselves in a professional manner nevertheless, the following actions constitute unacceptable use of Richman Investments * Violating any law of, or committing conduct that is tortuous or unlawful in, any applicable jurisdiction. * Displaying, performing, sending, receiving or storing any content that is obscene, pornographic, lewd, lascivious, or excessively violent, regardless of whether the material or its dissem ination is unlawful. Advocating or encouraging violence against any government, organization, group, individual or property, or providing instruction, information, or assistance in causing or carrying out such violence. * Actively seeking to obtain unauthorized access to any part of Richman Investments network, service, or account or using Richman Investments to obtain unauthorized access to any network, service or account. * Interfering with service to any other Registered User, by use of any program, script, command, or otherwise. Introducing or activating any viruses, worms, harmful tag and/or Trojan horses within Richman Investments * Holding Richman Investments, its affiliates, officers, employees up to public scorn or ridicule. * Gambling Definitions (Type of company) affiliate union All content and Registered User information contained within the User ID controlled areas of Richman Investments. Community or Sub-Community The spaces within which content is organized, usuall y by subject area (Communities also contain Sub-Communities).Copyright Protected Material Material protected by applicable copyright laws, and for which an organization has not consented to its widespread distribution through external channels. Hyperlink Provide a hyperlink to a page or item located elsewhere within Richman Investments on an external Web site. Permissions The access rights provided to Registered Users to access particular Communities and Sub-Communities Restricted Community or Sub-Community A Community of Sub-Community for which access is restricted to a pre-defined group of Registered Users.Registered User (Active User, User) An individual with an Active User ID for Richman Investments (User IDs are not deleted from the system. They are either Active, meaning they provide access, or Disabled). User Presumed to be an Active User unless specifically referred to as a Disabled User User ID A username and password for Richman Investments (User IDs are not deleted from t he system. It is either Active, meaning it allows access, or Disabled)

Educational and Cultural Experience Essay

In look undertaking the method actingology section is unitary of the crucial argonas to be tackled in a proposal document. This is due to the fact that it forms the basis of the results of look for findings. A interrogation can be faced with big challenges due to a wrong resource of the method to be use. To avoid this good planning of the method is essential and more in coiffe to lead reliable results. The issue of reliability establishes that a research should break the ability to show consistency in the results even after a national is d champion by assorted researchers repeatedly.Reliability in research study can besides be enhanced through good structure of the methodology. When the correct selective reading accumulation methods are used, proportional samples are collected and the correct method of analysis is used in a research can achieve validity. In a research, the research problem forms the basis of research (Morgan et al. ,1980), and this is where the study sh ould focus on. The methodology can take on either the positivist accession in addition populaten as the quantitative, or take the post positivist go up also known as the qualitative approach.The qualitative approach is a more detailed than the quantitative approach as it lays more emphasis on the finer details of the data and in most cases, it involves a researchers judgment and interpretation. Quantitative approach deals more with quantification like calculating the population sample, population size among others. The choice of the researcher on either the qualitative or the quantitative approach depends on whether the research/study is inclined to the natural scientific disciplines or the social sciences (Finch, 1986) (Easterby-Smith et al. 1991). 3. 1 Role of the ResearcherThe role of the researcher is an intact part of the evaluative process in the qualitative research. I am a certified t each(prenominal)er of mathematics, music and elementary education. Prior to the class room, more than ten years were spent in insurance inquiring claims work. The occupation included extensive on-the-job training in organization, communication and interviewing skills. I was also deployed to capital of Kuwait and sheepskin coatistan, respectively, and have over 15 years in the United States military acquiring certain technique as a planner, liaison, administrator and human resource specialist.Co-operative inquiry involves at least four different kinds of epistemology in other words, ways of knowing. Presentational knowing results from experiential knowing and provides the first form of smell through narratives and various expressions of art. Presentational knowing is expressed through ideas and theories. Practical knowing is modeling how to do something and is portrayed in a skill or competence. These epistemologies are compatible with each other.If knowing is grounded in experience, expressed through stories and images, understood through sounds ideas, and express ed in worthwhile action in ones life, then(prenominal) knowing will be more valid (Reason, 1999). 3. 2 Research rule To allotly analyze the participants stories, the research will employ a narrative cloth that serves as a screen through which the story of the participant may be examined. This method also becomes an avenue for which the participant may critically reflect on his own perspectives in order to hold or reconstruct meaning in his own life world.The considerable narrative analysis approach requires a level of scholarship and sensitivity which I am preparing to employ. This approach involves a human science observer that is a sensitive of the subtleties of everyday life. Ardent reading of relevant texts of the humanities, history, philosophy, anthropology and the social sciences as they denote to the domain of interest is a main ingredient to the effectiveness of this proposed research (van Manen, 1990).For this study, the researcher actively participates in examining the experiences of a translator in the delivery of translation of manner of speaking and culture amidst the socio-political challenges of the past. Qualitative research is alpha in nature and is shell suited for understanding phenomena. The approach should remain pragmatic for the researcher in order to remain in a tentative state with regard to applicable variables or desired themes which may enable appropriate examination of the individuals experiences. 3. 3 Data Collection MethodsDuring my 12 month deployment as a liaison officer, I commenced amicable communication with each of the translators who accompanied me to the perfunctory meetings. During my tenure, I engaged in many open discussions concerning heathenish and social differences, nuances in communication and language disparities. After a few months, I presented some of my proposal ideas and opened discussion to the possibility of mesh in a study I was contemplating. Several of the translators asked me to serve as t heir advocate in order to petition for the United States Special Visa.So, over the last year, many of these translators have since relocated to various communities in the United States. Both secondary and basal data sources will be used. The triangulation method of data collection will involve the use of interviews, literature review and case studies (Zikmund 2003, pp. 1-745). The primary data method that was used is the questionnaire method of data collection. Questionnaires were distri entirelyed among the Afghan officials, Liaison officers, and interpreters.There were also case studies that were conducted for other three countries to know about the experiences of interpreters in the other countries compare with the ones in Afghanistan. This also drew an insight of the various experiences of interpreters in other countries. There was the use of literature review in order gather study on the educational and cultural experiences of interpreters generally. The literature in this r esearch included research journals, books, articles and sources from university libraries (Dick, 2000).Interviews also form clever component data collection methods. This enabled the getting of a clear picture of the plight and nutrition of Afghan interpreter, their mode of operations, factors affecting them and future predictions on their cultural and educational experiences. The four categories of quality management in research were highly considered. They include validity, reliability, ethics and scratchiness (Zikmund, 2003). Reliability of a research is its ability to have consistence in results.This was done through controlling the sample by stratifying the population to get a more representative sample. Validity is the ability of a scale to measure what it is intended to measure but not going beyond the topic of the study. The triangulation method was used to control this aspect in research. ethical motive involves adherence to the norms accepted in gathering of information . This was realised by providing secrecy on the information collected from the subjects. The rigor of the research was directed towards efficient sample size in a critical facet in any investigation.The main purpose a researcher will utilize a sample is to invalidate the charges and collect beta data faster (Zikmund, 2003). The key purpose of data collection was to ensure a rich set of description was obtained. To achieve this, the interviews were transcribed in real time by the interviewer. The responses were then reduced and analyzed by adopting principles of data codification and clustering (Miles et al, 1994). 3. 4 Sources Researches normally rely on secondary data to enable them gain initial insight into the research problem.The classification of secondary sources of information is on the basis of internal or external sources referring to information acquired within the organization or outdoors the organization. The secondary sources are liked for their cost saving aspects and time saving. Secondary sources of information are suppositious to be searched prior to conducting primary research, and usually for the literature review section of a research. This is because secondary information provides useful background that identifies main questions and all other issues that will need to be tackled by the primary research (Steppingstones, 2004).The disadvantages that are associated with the use of the secondary sources range from the unavailability of pertinent information on the research topic, to the integrity, accuracy, and reliability of some secondary sources. Other disadvantages associated with secondary sources arise where data is available in a format other than that required by a researcher, and the age of the information particularly where the information is several(prenominal) years old and may not reflect the present circumstances.This makes it necessary to limit secondary information to sources which are not more than six years old (Steppings tones, 2004). The data gathered for this research is from a wide range of documentary sources relating to the cultural and educational experiences of interpreters in general as well as those specifically relating to the plight and livelihood of the Afghan interpreters. These mainly included policy documents, academic and the non-academic documents. First, journals on livelihood of Afghan interpreters were searched.Second, electronic databases were searched using key words like interpreters, translators Afghan interpreters and experiences of Afghan interpreters. Third, Afghan presidency website for International communication and the website for the International Security Assistance Force were searched. Literature review included twain conceptual and empirical works with about 25 articles reviewed for this study. 3. 5 Interviews Interviews in a research are useful in getting information behind a participants experiences.This is particularly important because an interviewer may be a ble to pursue in-depth information regarding the topic of study, and also the fact that interviews serve as follow-ups to responses obtained from questionnaires. Qualitative research interview should seek to give a description and meaning of central themes regarding the experiences of the subjects, by seeking to cover both the factual and meaning level. It was important that a guided interview approach was adopted so as to ensure that same general areas of information are gathered from each interviewee (Valenzuela et al., 2004). The interviews dwelt on the following areas Educational and cultural background of interpreters. The relationship between educational background and cultural background of the afghan interpreters. How the educational and cultural backgrounds shape the livelihood and experiences of the afghan interpreters. What the future hold for the afghan interpreters and their plight given the limited educational background as well as the rigid cultural backgrounds. O nce the data is collected through the open-ended interview process, the documents will be transcribed.After transcription, to ensure a correct analysis of the data, the participant will be shown the transcription and asked if what is written is aligned with their viewpoints. The data will then be analyzed from the transcription. Qualitative research is exploratory in nature and is best suited for understanding phenomena. The approach should remain pragmatic for the researcher in order to remain in a tentative state with regard to applicable variables or desirable themes which may enable appropriate examination of the individuals experiences.

Financial Statements for Internal Reporting vs. External Reporting Purposes

m adepttary Statements for indispensable Reporting Purposes vs. Financial Statements for outer Reporting Purposes It is common in most companies to maintain two set of pecuniary statements one being used/presented for internal reporting purposes and another for reporting externally. Internal reports are used in the main to aid management in the decision making process throughout the course of the business. These are issuing to internal audit to make sure that all information account are fair and correct, care the assets of the company, assure compliance to laws and regulations, etc.The company employs the internal accountants and therefore, unregulated, although there are international standards for internal auditing. External Reports on the other hand, are to provide information on the financial position, performance and changes in the financial position of the company for a variety of users such as the government, shareholders, financial institutions, employees, vendors, and the public itself. These reports should be precise understandable, and are assumed to be read by users who have reasonable knowledge on financials and business, and for those who are willing to study the information diligently.Most of the external users depend completely on these reports for their decision making. The reports are expected to be reliable so the companies should employ external auditors that are independent from the company. This is to avoid scrap of interests and bias towards the information presented by the company. Ideally, the financial statements that are audited by the internal auditors should be the same as the statements that would be subject to external audit.The problem arises when the company decided to report financial statements that are only different from the internally used and that of externally used. But still the intention of the company why it reported two different reports should be considered as swell up because that is where the ethical issue starts. If the companys chief(a) intention is to conceal the truth to avoid tax penalties, attract more investors, or lure a vendor to give a high credit limit, then the ethical standard of utilitarianism, rights and duties as well as the fairness and equity are violated.For utilitarianism approach, the external users will surely not benefit from the concealment. Their investments, assets, as well as the benefits from taxes are at risk. Only the company will benefit from it. In toll of the rights and duties approach, the shareholders has all the rights to know the true standing of the company and the duty of the company is to provide them the truth. The issue on fairness and equity is that other users may be able benefit from some concealment epoch others may not.Maintaining two sets of Financial Records/Statement has been a long practice for almost all if not all major companies worldwide. An example of which is the manner of reporting sunk greets. Companies do recognize sinking cost in the Financial Statement. While this could be creditable as expense for tax accounting purposes, the give tongue to cost is no longer relevant for management decision thus no longer needed in the books for Internal Purposes. Keeping two books would allow company executives to better examine items that matter to them in particular those which affect the company in the future.There is nothing wrong in maintain two sets of books specially if the reports are in accordance the accounting guidelines such as the GAAP or other statutory requirements required by the government where the company operates and are prepared in accordance with the Bureau of Internal Revenue regulations. As explained above, the books for internal management are for their use only and need not be shown to the public or used in taxation purposes.

Start Snitching

I believe that people should start snitching if they want to stop living in fear in their daily lives. This issue is becoming a very serious problem, and people in general, have a strong disbelief for law enforcement. The statistics for crime rates involving murder atomic number 18 increase in the U. S. Majority of these high crime rates are in low poverty areas where at that place are low-income citizens. This problem clarifies why snitching is essential.There are far too many of our children who are becoming victims in the crossfire of drug conflict, domestic disputes, and other various forms of crime that creates violence. Often times you hear people say, Im not going to snitch because the murder might see me out there in the streets or come to my home and kill me. I agree, to some extent, and it saddens me to say that law enforcement has done a terrible job at protecting those who come forward to tell the truth.Until we become aware of our power, we pass on continue to live i n fear. Therefore, if we do not feel safe, it is our responsibility to communicate the message to our beginning of protection. We loafer get involved by developing a snitching program that will allow us to arrange city council meetings and town hall meetings that will implement programs to make our community become safer. In my opinion, I agree that we all must take a stand for what is right for the next generation, because if we do not, no one else will.Many of us are aware about the things that take place in our communities. difficult criminals by putting them in jail is supposed to serve as a deterrent for crimes macrocosm committed, meaning if you do the crime, you do the time. Thus, by not snitching, we are communicating the wrong message to our people. We are allowing them to think that what they are doing is right. We are simply saying that there is no agreement to think in the lead you act because there are no consequences, so you would not be punished.This is the numb er one reason why the crime rates are so high. We have communicated a message that people can kill one another and get away with it, and we will still protect them by keeping silent. Keeping silent will only worsen the situation. We as people need to become liable citizens and start snitching because the death rate will continue to rise. We can stand up and make a change by getting involved and helping the authority solve these murders.

Benefits of Media Fast Essay

Most of the innovations that happened in the twentieth ar extremely valuable to human kind. Advancement in engineering science that mostly happened in the twentieth speed of light has other various advantages besides making machines efficient and convenient. The disc all overy of electronic computers has made work easier, and in addition, computers be a substantial contribution to effective talk. With the rising population, it is easier to control and regulate lot by the purpose of computers. Through the same innovation, creation of social networking sites has brought the world closer. Social networking sites such as Facebook provide a credible platform for interaction among people from various communities across the world. In the course of interaction, individual cognizance of the social, economic, political, physical and spiritual world can be significantly influenced cod to the constant exchange of ideas (Vorderer, 2006). However, engine room has consumed peoples time a nd space, making it impossible to live without technology. This paper is going to explore the benefits associated with self-restraint from media for a weekend.First, fasting from media, including all electronic gadgets reduces impulse buying and unhealthy eating habits encouraged by adverts. Advertisements encourage people to buy things that they really do not need. Impulse buying occurs due to advertizing this is be generate of the nature of ad content which convinces consumers. On the other hand, branding of commodities entice buyers to purchase things that they dont intend to buy. Advertisement cost is extended to consumers, hence making products to thrust a top-notch price comp ared to the initial price. The new arrival of a gadget in the market sets a certain class and advertisement plays a great role in promoting it (Vardi, 2011). Moreover, the information given about it can be misleading, for example, when an advertisement message speaks of nutritious food, while in real sense is chemically manufactured and it contains nothing nutritional. emerging trends of luxurious goods, mostly compromise the market diversity since many people will be enticed on a new commoditys arrival rather than analyze its exclusivity quality. This affects consumerism negatively. Fasting from advertisement ikon reduces risk of eating unhealthy foods, and also impulse buying.Secondly, media fast enable one to create and work up relationships with family and friends. Technology has been blamed for the elevated exasperation in youth. The usage of smart phones for texting, lucre and playing games has had a negative impact on their psyche, which has increased their frustrations. The adolescents get frustrated and agitated any time they are asked to do anything, especially when they are on the net profit playing games. For example, when a mother asks a shaver to believe out the trash can, the child will get very angry instantly since he or she thinks the mother is interferi ng with his or her chat or playtime, and such issues have led to the deadening of mother- child relationships (Vardi, 2011). Additionally, a media fast will enable more interaction between people, which rarely occurs due to riding habit of technological gadgets. Fasting from media helps in family and friends social bonding.Abstaining from the media over the weekend helps in relaxation and interrupt sleep. masses experience difficulties everyday because of the blue light given off by TV and computer screens. This light resembles the light given off by the sun, tricking the human body into reducing the melatonin production, a internal secretion responsible for sleep pattern (Price, 2013). People therefore, stay up late either surfing or watching movies instead of resting at night over the weekends. However, a media fast enable one to turn a focal point watching television and being exposed to blue light, which results to a good nights rest. overleap of sleep issue a serious hea lth issue that can cause serious medical exam problems for a person. Media fast, therefore, eliminated the melatonin production interruption, enabling the body to rest well during the night and to consequently exhibit relegate health and energy the following day.Lack of physical performance in many adolescents is as a result of overusing technology. Advanced technology has provided a completely alternative and unique way of communication and way of interacting with one another. The youths are using applications like the apps, social networks, online games which has hindered the physical communication and interaction the kids used to have before the emergence of technology (Prasad, 2011). Youths that spent spacious hours on the internet are known to be lonely. When people are mainly on the internet, TV, and cell phone, they isolate themselves, feel neglected and their senses become over stimulated leading to obesity. These problems may later translate to heart attack, stroke and Diabetes or mental deceleration that causes addiction to the internet or drugs, development of pervert behaviors and also, they may become very violent (Price, 2013). Although displace down media for a weekend is not enough to start exercising, the chance provides one with time to take a walk, meet new people, work on the garden, visit the gym and any other activity as long as one is doing something.Media fast helps in reducing stress related issues. People have become so addicted to media such that they cannot go without it. The constant flow of information, updates, TV and internet are quite overwhelming. As a result of this, many adolescents lack patience due to overusing technology. persistence being a key virtue in ones life, lack of it may cause a person to lose his will. In todays life one has to be dogged and you cannot achieve it without being patient, which makes the impatient individuals to find it hard to survive. Vardi (2011) attests that many adolescents are losin g tolerance, due to using technology wrongfully and for a long time. When the adolescents want to view a page and the internet is taking long to load they become very frustrated and impatient and this even translates to their daily lives and they may end up stressed. For the people who are employed, it is not possible to get any rest since they carry the office support at home Smart phones and computers take the time intended for family. Turning of all these updates, internet and TV provides one with a chance to relax and avoid stress.Media fast enable people to think for themselves. Overusing the internet has seen many people lose their creativity and musical composition skills. This is as a result of excessive use of chatting engines and shortcuts which have seen the youths lose writing skills. It is difficult for a youth to even construct a declare without putting in the shortcuts that make it lose meaning and cannot be used in a scholarship environment. They rely more on com municating in a digital way that they cannot even musical composition certain words, proper use of grammar is an issue and they are not able to do cursive writing (Vardi, 2011). However, this opportunity can provide them with a chance to use their mind.In conclusion, technology has again consumed peoples time and space, making it impossible to live without technology. Although the human brain is capable of keeping up with the high rate of technological advances, a breather once in a while may be useful to avoid stress and help in relaxation of the mind and body.ReferencesPrasad, P. (2011). Information communication technology (ICT) its waste and consequences. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management, 363-363.Price, R. (2013). Technology and its Consequences. Radiography, 185-186.Vardi, M. (2011). Technology has social consequences. communications of the ACM, 5-5.Vorderer, P. (2006). Playing video games Motives, responses, and consequences. Mahwah, N.J. Lawr ence Erlbaum Associates.Source document

Leadership Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

leadinghip Theories - Essay ExampleLeaders who use this theory in their organizations exhibit focus, vision, inspiration and risk-taking traits. They possess a charismatic charm in transforming the organization through persuade on the employees. Ethically speaking, a transformative attractor must only influence the followers in a positive manner. The characters or strategies shown to the employees should be within the ethical requirements of the organization or professional field in question. The objective of a transformational leader is to change the organization positively in all aspects.Transformational leadershiphip is increasingly becoming popular in some sectors due to its effectiveness in ensuring improved performance. Transformative leaders not only influence the followers and other junior members of the organization just now impacts also on other leaders. Through the influence, other leaders become agents of change i9n the organization. Followers respect, prize and the transformative leaders. Based on the description by the proponents of the theory, transformational leadership has four components. The components include intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, sacred motivation and idealized influence. Through these components, the leader is in a better position to make decisions that entrust initiate a positive change in the whole of the organization.Through intellectual stimulation, a transformative leader can make decisions in a manner that does not appear to challenge other leaders within the organization. The leaders encourage the followers to adopt creativity when undertaking their duties. Creativity offers the followers opportunities to precede and learn. The leader can make the decision intellectually without any member of the organization feeling victimized. The certify trait that is common among ethical leaders who utilize transformational leadership style entails individualized considerations (Grants, 2012).

Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modest Proposal by Jonathan active - Essay ExampleIt is during this season that sprightly wrote this famous article. In the article, Swift goes to gr eat up detail to propose that small babies can be used as food and nourishment. In this paper, he is seen supporting and endorsing infanticide as well as cannibalism. He meticulously describes how a baby can be prepared as a delicacy and eaten. Swifts Modest Proposal was a satirical piece of literature that used extreme caustic remark to critic the actions of the English landlords. Yet, through this satirical piece, he never takes time to renounce this view and leaves the contributor to be the moral judge, a very dangerous thing because there is a high endangerment that the reader may take the ideas literally.As Gordon (59) says, irony can be very useful when presenting serious ideas becaue it stresses the importance. In this article, Swift, an Anglo-Irish priest uses extreme irony without taking caution to make sure that there ar e no misunderstanding (Biograpohy.com, para 2). What Swift does in this article is to write in an ironical way that does non explicitly point to the irony, thus making it harder for the reader to be able to detect the irony. Throughout the paper, Swift uses the persona in the article to forward the crazy idea of eating a baby. He tear down goes to great lengths to describe the logic behind eating a baby. For instance, he describes that since babies dont eat much until they are about one year old, and only depend on their mothers milk during this age, they should be kept until this age and be used as food to feed the relaxation behavior of the population.

Changing trends in employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Changing trends in betrothal - Essay ExampleThe increased flexibilization process and deregulation of the weary market from both high and low income countries have, over the years, presented unused challenges, especially with the intensification of the market contender in search for decreased production costs. The liberalization of the trade schemes plays a fall upon role in reinforcing the competitive pressures of the global markets. As a result, such developments result in profound changes in technological, production, innovation, employment conditions, and the structures of firms (Alvesson 2001, p. 863).By 1980s, the economic restructuring was enhanced through the decentralization of the production. The institutional changes at the micro level ranged from outsourcing and curtailment to changes in the skill requirement, transformations and work organizations towards the workforce composition. The liberalization of trade has also played a key role in ever-changing the requireme nts in skills and employment due to the dynamics and the relative wages (Scarborough 1999, p. 8). This shifts the labour intensive production processes to the low-wage countries. These transformations impact differently to both men and women, and the variation is dependent on several(prenominal) factors. The feminization of the labour force continues at both domestic and international levels. This has led to increased enfolding of women labour force as well as deterioration of the working conditions in jobs previously henpecked by males (Balakrishnan & Huang 2000, p. 43-7).Changes in employment have profoundly affected the productive processes and have transformed modes and functions for to the highest degree firms. This has, in turn, affected the labour relations and employment conditions. The structures in labour markets have been reorganized and destabilized. The changing production landscape at micro-level has increased job opportunities as well as generation of new employment positions. The changes in the micro level of

Patient experience Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patient experience - Coursework ExampleQuality and patient experience be interrelated to each other. A positive patient experience is related to better health outcomes (Johnson, 2014). A good patient experience depends mainly on the forest of compassionate a patient receives during hospitalization insurance and a corked patient experience also depends on the fiber of care. Therefore, we can say that quality and patient experience go side by side in creating the image of any healthcare facility.If patient experience is not the best measure of health care quality, the alternatives that I would recommend as the best measure include measuring the increase or decrease in the number of patients attack to the healthcare facility and analyzing public perception about the healthcare facility. If people are satisfied with the quality of care, the number of patients coming for treatment increase and the opposite occur in the other case. Similarly, a check can be conducted in which peo ple living nearby the healthcare facility should be asked questions about the facility. If public perception about the facility will be good, it will mean that the facility provides a high quality of care to the patients. There can be the two alternatives to measure the quality of care being provided by any healthcare facility.Shattell, M., Hogan, B., & Thomas, S. (2005). Its the people that make the environment good or bad the patients experience of the acute care hospital environment. AACN Clin Issues, 16(2), pp.

Introduction to Criminal Law and Legal studies Essay - 1

Introduction to Criminal Law and Legal studies - Essay ExampleThe High Court judge are obligated by rulings of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal. On the opposite hand, inferior courts, such(prenominal) as the magistrates court and county courts, do not possess any binding power over the other courts (Robinson, 1997, p. 81). Englands and Waless Courts of Justice are the criminal and civil courts accountable to the justice administration in England and Wales (Fletcher, 1998, p. 71). England and Wales have a single legal system. In England and Wales, the Supreme Court holds the highest position in some all cases (Fletcher, 1998, p. 71). 2) The Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Communities Act 1972 have particular standing in the unite Kingdom. It will be the indebtedness of the higher courts to evaluate conformity to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and the duty of all UK courts to make sure that trials are in agreement with its pledges (Carson, 2009, p. 24). Any circumstance in which the soulfulness comes into contact with the state will be influenced by the Human Rights Act. The domestic law in the UK has been by and large influenced by the European Convention on Human Rights (Gardner & Anderson, 2005, p. 112). This has had the consequence that the courts in the UK now bear a responsibility to interpret the statues and the common law in a manner that, where feasible, the UK law is in conformity with the European Convention on Human Rights (Gardner & Anderson, 2005, p. 112).

The growth of suburbs and urban sprawl in the United States is a Essay

The growth of suburbs and urban sprawl in the United States is a problem, or just part of the infixed growth of cities - Essay ExampleThe move by the American government to push investments away from the central cities in the 19th century is a justification of a problematic scenario. An introduction of high housing tax rates proved homeownership as an alternative to flush(p) Americans. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, housing prices in the United States flush rapidly during a period through which interest rates were low. Government tax policy do homeownership even more attractive (Dahlman & William 393). The decision to retain a cultural practice is a actor of consideration in the suburb development and impact on the development of cities. The wealthy population unquestionable a natural attraction to the rural environment influencing the growth of suburbs. This is a justification of a natural effect on the growth of metropolitans. The invent ion of the automobile industries acted as an immediate solution to the challenging city life. The wealthy opted to commute from the suburbs to places of work as a way of evading city

Religion and theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

godliness and theology - Essay ExampleIn Sustaining preachers and preaching Lovell & Richardson depict to us the practice of evangelization in our churches by elucidating on the importance of renewal of preaching style. Lovell & Richardson advocate an evangelization style that pull up stakes endorse dialogical, and one that will hinder authoritarian and stentorian monolog. Thus, Lovell & Richardson coax ministers to inculcate the preaching elegance that is grounded in prayers and scriptures and one that is godlike by the Holy Spirit hence increasing the faith, love that will renew the hope and replenishes of those who happen upon it. It is central for us to comprehend that preaching must be based on scriptures that are elysian by Holy Spirit that is necessary for increasing our faith and that of the congregation hence rekindling our hope in Jesus Christ. Whats more, they help us understand that preaching is truth through personality and they mark this by portraying preaching as a unique form of communication whose sources is God. The authors help us to comprehend that, the perseverance of evangelization is not real to revolutionize the congregations awareness about the plastered controversial issue but to bring the congregation into the presence of God. Lovell & Richardson see the need for preaching to be renewed hence assisting it to serve the right purpose envisioned by God. The authors also help us apprehend that preachers must take into consideration the existences of diversity in the congregation.

Argument style essay based on Judy Brady's argument in I want a Wife

Argument style based on Judy Bradys argument in I want a Wife - Essay ExampleAt present, both women and men have equal posts in marriages. Women no longer have an inferior role in marriage. Women empowerment is largely seen in the societies around the world today. Several changes have taken place regarding the role of women in marriage since the time that Brady wrote this article. Harris and Firestone in 1998 stated that the documented shift away from traditional sex activity role attitudes among women of different race and ethnic groups in the United States may produce changes in classifiable gender power dynamics (479). They stated further that at the macro level, solutions could include creating programs that focus on social norms that favor female power in relationships. These findings prove that women are no longer considered second-class citizens thus, their roles in marriages have undergone several changes. Even in the field of politics, the roles of politicians wives have importantly changed. Michelle Cottle in her article The Real Running Mates stated, Lets blame it on feminism With women empowered to do more than nurture their husbands, political wives--in whom women often seek a more polished version of themselves--are increasingly expected to be more than just the perfect helpmeet.

Reflection on Multicultural Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on multicultural Teamwork - Essay ExampleMoreover, incorporating disparate personalities in a assemblage has never been easy especially where different cultures are involved. Issues of discrimination, low contribution, inferiority complex, poor social skills, and other relevant demerits clearly hamper the succeeder of any convention participation. In the second coursework assignment on Tesco, I worked in concert, conducted a research, and made a presentation in a multicultural group. This canvass will henceforth reflect on what happened in my group and discuss what I learnt about working in multicultural groups in the future.In doing this, the essay will seek to answer various questions that relate to the working in the multicultural groups. Membership The members in my group came from diverse cultures. The different cultures manifest from their different areas of origin as this was an international class. However, the plectron of the members to this group was someh ow professional and evenly friendly. Indeed, all the members were from one class, some selected randomly, others depending on their intellectuality, others to embrace cultural diversity, eon others were just friends. At the start, we did not know each other well subject to the diverse selection criteria but upon introduction, team building, and a few meetings we were able to understand one another well. Teamwork Indeed, all the members were equally concerned on the task and were eager to succeed in it. As such, we discussed on how to work together by highlighting what we need, our individual capabilities and weaknesses, and our different cultures before engaging in the task. In addressing matters of leadership, we had an interim coordinator who interconnected all the activities of the group. We also had a secretariat that recorded our observations, findings, and conclusions. However, every member was responsible of all the activities of the group. In delegating duties, we put int o consideration various individual qualities, capabilities, and knowhow. Since was relevant in ensuring full participation in the group in all aspects of life. While some members were good in research, others were good in organization, others in leadership and interpersonal communication and vice versa. These attributes determined what role one was to take. Subject to our cultural diversity, the group chose to use universal communication language, English although we still had members who would interpret various languages. Moreover, the group relied on interpersonal skills for effective communication. The group drew and restricted its operations to a well-defined timetable. This was effective in keeping deadlines and planning. The group coordinator had immense skills in ensuring that the members stick to the time limits. Moreover, individual concentration kept the group deep down the timeframe. In case of conflicts and issues as they sometimes came up, the group coordinator and ot her members with good leadership and mediation skills unconquerable the matter and in extreme cases, we consulted the tutor. Although we used our timecard to check on our progress, our tutor consequently made numerous visits and checks on the groups progress in addressing the task. Indeed, the tutors input kept us on the right track. Challenges in the Team Work Indeed, there were various challenges to the group work subject to the complexity of the task,

Mans Search for Meaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mans Search for Meaning - Essay poserHowever, the 20th century revealed another image of kind-hearted, less generalized and, in his drives, a more exclusive unitary. Viktor E. Frankl, mostly basing his ideas on his psychoanalytic experience in concentration camps during World War II, had developed quite opposite to Freuds one, and more current point of view on a subject. According to Frankl, one of the key drives for human existence is finding a meaning of life.Considering human as an animal of high order, Freud natur onlyy generalizes drives of human life to instincts, which are common for all people, and also are inherent for all human beings. Thus, the reasons for individual to behave in particular way also originate from the inside of a human, because those reasons are rather inherent or based on individuals past. Freud is known to be the father of psychoanalysis, and in his studying of neuroses he also believed, that the common origin for all mind disorders is a past psych ological trauma. Therefore, neuroses are caused by those human desires which once in the past were repressed by individual himself (even if he was forced to repress his desires as the result of psychological trauma). This idea naturally comes from Freuds structural model of humans psyche, which consists of three parts. Id is a driving force for all human actions and behavior, and is in common for all human beings. Ego is humans individuality, which is reasonable, and therefore establishes connections between id and superego. Superego is a human inner censor, who gauges actions. Superego is based upon issues of authorities. Yet Freud rests most of the responsibility for human behavior on that id, which of all time stays in common for all individuals while ego and superego depend on conditions very much. In his book, Mans Search for Meaning Frankl brings next Freuds utterance.